DIAGNOSIS AND SYMPTOMS OF MALE INFERTILITY

<div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                        <b> What is infertility and male subfertility?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Infertility and male subfertility are conditions in which a man has trouble getting a woman pregnant. Subfertility is when man has been unable to impregnate a woman after a year of regular unprotected sex. The cause of male infertility could be a problem with the male reproductive system. The male reproductive system includes the testes, prostate, penis, scrotum, vas deferens, epididymis, and seminal ducts.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>What causes infertility and male subfertility?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     It is likely that the cause is not known. The following are likely tips of infertility:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Varicocele: The  scrotum veins are enlarged. This condition may reduce sperm count and cause infertility.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">And has low sperm abnormalities: Problems with form, amount and movement of sperm may decrease fertility.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Genetics: You may be born with genes that cause infertility. Genes may affect sperm production, how they move and how they can travel.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lock seminal duct: The seminal ducts are tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. When these tubes are blocked, it is likely that no sperm in their semen.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Low levels of hormones: Hormonal disorders in the testes or pituitary gland tumors may cause infertility.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Antibodies: A problem with the immune system may cause your body to produce antibodies that attack sperm.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Medicine: Steroids and drugs to treat high blood pressure, cancer or depression could affect fertility.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Infections: Chronic infections (long - term) in the male reproductive system may affect fertility male.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>What are the signs and symptoms of male subfertility and infertility?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     The main sign of male infertility is the inability to get your partner pregnant after 1 year of having unprotected sex. Other signs and symptoms depend on the cause of infertility. If you suffer from varicocele, you will have a lump or swelling in the scrotum that feels like a bag of worms.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>How male subfertility and infertility diagnosed?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Your doctor will ask about your current health and your health in the past. You will probably need to know how long you and your partner have tried to conceive. Tell when and how often you have sex and if they have had problems. You will also be asked about their smoking habits or drink alcohol and consume what medications. You may need any of the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical exam: The doctor will look for signs of low levels of hormones, such as decreased body hair and increased breast tissue. The doctor will also check the size and shape of your testicles and identify any sign of varicocele.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Blood tests: You may have blood drawn to provide information to their doctors about the functioning of your body. The blood could be drawn from the hand, arm or through an IV.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Genetic screening: Genetic screening could be done to detect abnormal genes that could cause not produce sperm or that occur in low amount.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Semen analysis: Used to detect problems with movement and function of sperm. You will need to ejaculate semen for this test.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sperm analysis: the movement and speed of sperm as they travel through the mucus is checked. It is also likely that sperm count is made.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spermatic venography: This test evaluates the location of the veins in the scrotum. During the examination a doctor introduce contrast dye in your body and take x - rays to locate the varicocele. Tell your doctor if you have ever had an allergic reaction to the dye.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ultrasound: Ultrasound uses sound scrotum to detect lumps and other changes in your testicles and scrotum waves.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Urine test: A sample of your urine is collected after you ejaculate. This examination is performed to detect sperm in the urine, which may indicate a blockage or problems with ejaculation.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>How male subfertility and infertility treated?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Treatment depends on the cause of their infertility. You may need any of the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Medicine: You may receive antibiotics to treat an infection of the reproductive system. Hormones, such as testosterone, they may be used to treat low hormone levels. Steroids may be used to treat infertility caused by a problem with the immune system.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Percutaneous embolization: This procedure can be used to treat varicocele. Blood flow in veins flanged to suspend obstructs blood flow.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sperm extraction: If there is a blockage, could remove sperm from the testes and epididymis. The sperm collected could be saved or used to fertilize the female egg.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Surgery: Surgery may be performed to repair a blockage in the sperm duct or remove a pituitary tumor<o:p></o:p></span></div>

diagnosis male infertility symptoms DIAGNOSIS AND SYMPTOMS OF MALE INFERTILITY

                          What is infertility and male subfertility?      Infertility and male subfertility are conditions in which a man...

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FEMALE INFERTILITY

<div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Infertility means that you can not get pregnant (conceive).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are two types of infertility:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Primary infertility refers to couples who have failed to become pregnant after at least one year of sex without using contraception.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Secondary infertility refers to couples who have been able to become pregnant at least once, but now can not.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Causes</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Infertility can be caused by many physical and emotional factors. It may be due to problems in men, women or both.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FEMININE INFERTILITY<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Female infertility can occur when:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A fertilized egg or embryo does not survive once attaches to the lining of the womb (uterus).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The fertilized egg is not fixed to the lining of the uterus.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The eggs can not move from the ovary to the womb.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The ovaries have problems producing eggs.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Female infertility can be caused by:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Autoimmunitarios disorders such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">modifying the reproductive tract birth defects<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cancer or tumor<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Coagulation disorders<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diabetes<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Excessive alcohol consumption<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">excessive exercise<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">eating disorders or malnutrition<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Neoplasms (such as fibroids or polyps) in the uterus and cervix<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use of certain drugs, such as chemotherapeutic drugs<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hormonal imbalances<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Obesity<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Advanced age<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ovarian cysts and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pelvic infection or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Scarring following sexually transmitted infection, previous abdominal surgery or endometriosis<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">smoking<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Surgery to prevent pregnancy (tubal ligation) or failure of tubal recanalization surgery (anastomosis)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">thyroid disease<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What causes female infertility?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Approximately 25 percent of women with infertility ovulate rarely or never. These women often have irregular periods or not have them at all. Ovulation can be altered due to changes in the way the pituitary gland (a gland at the base of the brain) releases certain hormones. These hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (HFS), send a signal to the egg develops and the ovary releases it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Among the problems that interfere with the normal release of LH and HFS are<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lesions in the hypothalamus (part of the brain that works with the pituitary gland)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pituitary tumors<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">having too low or high weight<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">too much exercise<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">extreme stress<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Other hormonal disorders that interfere with ovulation or affect fertility are<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">diabetes<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">early menopause<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sometimes, Cushing syndrome (a disorder that causes a very high level of cortisol, sometimes called "the stress hormone")<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The ability to get pregnant also can be affected by age, since the number and quality of eggs gradually decreases from approximately 35 years. Other factors include<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">reproductive tract problems such as blocked or damaged Fallopian tubes, scar tissue in the uterine lining, polyps or fibroids in the uterus and endometriosis<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, which can cause blockages of the fallopian<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">smoking, drinking alcohol or using drugs such as cocaine and marijuana<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">certain medications such as antidepressants, tranquilizers, calcium channel blockers, narcotics and anti-cancer drugs<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chronic medical conditions such as kidney disease, liver disease, sickle cell disease, HIV / AIDS and hepatitis B or C<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How is infertility diagnosed?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Your doctor will begin with a medical history about your menstrual cycle, past illnesses, sexually, transmission surgeries and any medications you are taking.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The next step is usually a pelvic exam to make sure your reproductive tract (vagina, uterus and ovaries) is normal and blood tests to measure your hormone levels. In addition, it will take a medical history of your partner and will do a semen analysis. According to the results of these tests, your doctor may make them more tests, including one to ensure that the fallopian tubes of women are not blocked.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is the treatment for infertility?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">     Treatment for infertility depends on the cause and age. There are two main categories: one contributes to fertility drugs or surgery, and the other techniques used in assisted reproduction.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fertility drugs (clomiphene pills, and injections of the hormone HFS and HL) are the main treatment for women with ovulation disorders. It is possible that women without a clear cause of infertility also use these drugs. Doctors sometimes combine drug treatment with intrauterine insemination (IUI), in which sperm are released into the uterus with a catheter (a thinflexible tube) is inserted into the vagina. IUI is made attime of ovulation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>

causes diagnosis female infertility treatment FEMALE INFERTILITY

     Infertility means that you can not get pregnant (conceive). There are two types of infertility: Primary infertility refers to co...

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