CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY

1) Problems with low sperm count

     The World Health Organization (WHO) states that normal sperm count in the male ejaculate is 20 million per milliliter of semen. If the woman is especially fertile, it can be achieved with lower values conception otherwise larger values for fertilization will be needed.

Fortunately, in cases of need just sperm or higher of available values, assisted reproduction techniques can solve this problem by in vitro fertilization (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic Injection (ICSI). When there is no sperm in the ejaculate there are other techniques, such as testicular biopsies.

Lack of mobility

     Normal mobility parameters are based on the "progressive mobility" or percentage of sperm with displacement of its original position. There are men who have very low levels of mobility. In these situations you have to resort to some of the techniques mentioned in the previous case: IVF or ICSI, as appropriate. The causes of that little or no mobility can be occasional (infections) or permanent (linked to a genetic condition).

2) Genetic abnormalities

     They can be divided into two parts: genetic abnormalities in chromosomes or genes and abnormalities that affect only the male germ line, ie their sperm.Depending on the type of alteration can produce a gradation of events: impossibility of pregnancy, abortion, early fetal death, induction of genetic problems in children ...

This aspect is now very well controlled day by karyotype (chromosome set) in the male, the FISH technique in sperm (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and other tests for the most common genetic diseases that could transmit father son and so I unavoidably.

PGD (PGD) is a key technique to eliminate such anomalies in offspring because healthy difference of those who are not before being transferred to the womb embryos.

3) idiopathic or unknown factors

     Are cases of male infertility idiopathic or unknown origin, in which the reasons that prevent the union of egg and sperm or egg to give the embryo are ignored.

 4)  External factors

Poor eating habits

     Obesity, overweight and poor eating habits are related to decreased sperm production. A diet low in antioxidants (vitamins E, A, C, B-12, carnitine, arginine, selenium, etc.) acts negatively on sperm DNA. Another important micronutrient is folate, essential in the development of germ cells, among other functions. Its deficiency is very damaging.

Alcohol consume

     Excessive consumption of alcohol, in addition to damage multiple organs of the human body, also acts on the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis.Testosterone levels are affected, as well as the quality and quantity of sperm.It also has a synergistic effect with snuff.

Tobacco

     The snuff, coupled with excessive consumption of alcohol, does not add up, but multiplies the negative effects on the male reproductive system. Numerous studies that talk about the mutagenicity of the compounds of snuff on germ cells. It affects, such as alcohol, in addition to the quality and quantity of sperm. All this is related to the number of cigarettes a day and time that is smoking.

Consumption of drugs

     Marijuana is the most widely consumed drug worldwide. It contains at least 20 active cannabinoids and studies have shown that high doses of this drug (8-20 cigarettes / day) are associated with a significant decrease in concentration, motility and alterations in sperm morphology. Other recreational drugs have similar actions.

Stress

     The effect of daily stress has also been studied whether influences the male to conceive a child. In men undergoing very traumatic and punctual stress the quality of sperm is severely impaired.

In couples undergoing assisted reproduction techniques, which may be subject to a great deal of anxiety and stress, you can also give this fact is very important psychological help.

Ejaculation problems

     A small percentage of men presents a blockage in their ejaculatory duct that prevents sperm from entering the ejaculation fluid. This happens if the vas deferens (the tube that carries sperm to ejaculate) epididymis (the organ that carries sperm from the testicles) is obstructed or damaged.

Other men experience retrograde ejaculation, a condition in which the sperm enters the bladder instead of out through the penis through ejaculation.

An infection, injury, diabetes and neurological problems, birth defects , or a vasectomy could also marry ejaculation problems.

Possible symptoms : Usually there are no symptoms, but if you have retrograde ejaculation, you might notice something turbid urine or do not ejaculate after orgasm.

Possible solutions : surgery to repair the obstruction or reverse the vasectomy or extract sperm for IVF.

Little sperm motility or problems

     If you have few sperm or none, if motility (ability to move) is scarce or form is abnormal, possibly they are unable to fertilize the eggs of your partner.

The problems relationships with production and sperm quality can be caused by hormonal imbalances, illness or injury urinary or genital organs, fever or exposure to heat, some genetic disorders and certain drugs and toxins.