1) Problems with low sperm count
The World
Health Organization (WHO) states that normal sperm count in the male ejaculate
is 20 million per milliliter of semen. If the woman is especially fertile, it
can be achieved with lower values conception otherwise larger values for
fertilization will be needed.
Fortunately,
in cases of need just sperm or higher of available values, assisted
reproduction techniques can solve this problem by in vitro fertilization (IVF)
or Intracytoplasmic Injection (ICSI). When there is no sperm in the ejaculate
there are other techniques, such as testicular biopsies.
Lack of
mobility
Normal
mobility parameters are based on the "progressive mobility" or
percentage of sperm with displacement of its original position. There are men
who have very low levels of mobility. In these situations you have to resort to
some of the techniques mentioned in the previous case: IVF or ICSI, as
appropriate. The causes of that little or no mobility can be occasional
(infections) or permanent (linked to a genetic condition).
2) Genetic abnormalities
They can be
divided into two parts: genetic abnormalities in chromosomes or genes and
abnormalities that affect only the male germ line, ie their sperm.Depending on
the type of alteration can produce a gradation of events: impossibility of pregnancy,
abortion, early fetal death, induction of genetic problems in children ...
This aspect
is now very well controlled day by karyotype (chromosome set) in the male, the
FISH technique in sperm (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and other tests for
the most common genetic diseases that could transmit father son and so I
unavoidably.
PGD (PGD) is
a key technique to eliminate such anomalies in offspring because healthy
difference of those who are not before being transferred to the womb embryos.
3) idiopathic
or unknown factors
Are cases of
male infertility idiopathic or unknown origin, in which the reasons that
prevent the union of egg and sperm or egg to give the embryo are ignored.
4)
External factors
Poor eating
habits
Obesity,
overweight and poor eating habits are related to decreased sperm production. A
diet low in antioxidants (vitamins E, A, C, B-12, carnitine, arginine,
selenium, etc.) acts negatively on sperm DNA. Another important micronutrient
is folate, essential in the development of germ cells, among other functions.
Its deficiency is very damaging.
Alcohol
consume
Excessive
consumption of alcohol, in addition to damage multiple organs of the human
body, also acts on the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis.Testosterone
levels are affected, as well as the quality and quantity of sperm.It also has a
synergistic effect with snuff.
Tobacco
The snuff,
coupled with excessive consumption of alcohol, does not add up, but multiplies
the negative effects on the male reproductive system. Numerous studies that
talk about the mutagenicity of the compounds of snuff on germ cells. It
affects, such as alcohol, in addition to the quality and quantity of sperm. All
this is related to the number of cigarettes a day and time that is smoking.
Consumption
of drugs
Marijuana is
the most widely consumed drug worldwide. It contains at least 20 active
cannabinoids and studies have shown that high doses of this drug (8-20
cigarettes / day) are associated with a significant decrease in concentration,
motility and alterations in sperm morphology. Other recreational drugs have
similar actions.
Stress
The effect
of daily stress has also been studied whether influences the male to conceive a
child. In men undergoing very traumatic and punctual stress the quality of
sperm is severely impaired.
In couples
undergoing assisted reproduction techniques, which may be subject to a great
deal of anxiety and stress, you can also give this fact is very important
psychological help.
Ejaculation
problems
A small
percentage of men presents a blockage in their ejaculatory duct that prevents
sperm from entering the ejaculation fluid. This happens if the vas deferens
(the tube that carries sperm to ejaculate) epididymis (the organ that carries
sperm from the testicles) is obstructed or damaged.
Other men
experience retrograde ejaculation, a condition in which the sperm enters the
bladder instead of out through the penis through ejaculation.
An
infection, injury, diabetes and neurological problems, birth defects , or a
vasectomy could also marry ejaculation problems.
Possible
symptoms : Usually there are no symptoms, but if you have retrograde
ejaculation, you might notice something turbid urine or do not ejaculate after
orgasm.
Possible
solutions : surgery to repair the obstruction or reverse the vasectomy or
extract sperm for IVF.
Little sperm
motility or problems
If you have
few sperm or none, if motility (ability to move) is scarce or form is abnormal,
possibly they are unable to fertilize the eggs of your partner.
The problems
relationships with production and sperm quality can be caused by hormonal
imbalances, illness or injury urinary or genital organs, fever or exposure to
heat, some genetic disorders and certain drugs and toxins.
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